A Review on Turning Waste into Wealth: Valorization Sewage Sludge as a Resource for Sustainable Energy

Document Type : Review Articles

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Department of environmental science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India

Abstract

The renewable energy sector is experiencing rapid growth as researchers, economists, and decision-makers aim to meet multiple objectives. These include generating energy from more sustainable and environmentally friendly sources, as well as addressing the increasing disparity between energy supply and demand in a market where demand continues to rise. It is important to seek a balance that ensures ongoing economic and industrial development while prioritizing environmental health. One promising solution in this regard is the production of biofuel from sewage sludge, which has a calorific value of 8,300 joules per gram. From an environmental perspective, achieving a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions necessitates a daily biofuel production target of 4.6´107 gigajoules by 2040. This review will cover the knowledge about sewage sludge as a form of biomass and how to utilize raw materials in the production of various types of biomasses. Special focus will be given to selected biofuels, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas, which serve as alternatives to their fossil fuel or natural gas counterparts.

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